NATIVE AMERICANS and FIRST NATIONS
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Commander Ernest Edwin Evans, USN, Medal of Honor, WW II
"THIS
IS GOING TO BE A FIGHTING SHIP. I INTEND TO GO IN HARM'S WAY, AND
ANYONE WHO DOESN'T WANT TO GO ALONG HAD BETTER GET OFF RIGHT NOW!"
CDR Ernest E. Evans, USN Commanding Officer, USS Johnston (DD 557)
Medal of Honor (posthumous) Killed in action at the Battle
off Samar
He took on four Japanese battleships to save six little aircraft
carriers.
The other two destroyers and four small destroyer escorts came up
and attacked also. Anything to protect their carriers and keep the
enemy away from 200,000 American troops on the beach at Leyte.
USS Johnston today. "557" still painted on her side. She sleeps
at the bottom of the Phillipine Trench. Lying more than 20,000 feet
(6,100 m) below the surface of the ocean, it is the deepest
shipwreck ever surveyed. This vessel is a War Grave, do not disturb.
Johnston's twin sister Hoel
(DD-533) was also sunk in this fight,
as was Destroyer Escort Samuel
B. Roberts (DE-413).
Johnston's twin sister Heermann
(DD-532), was shot up
badly but didn't sink*, and survived the war.
Meanwhile, 23,000 years earlier...
Ice Age Footprints from PBS NOVA
Ancient footprints provide new evidence of humans
and extinct giant beasts of the Ice Age. 53 minutes.
23,000 years ago! 11,000? years before Clovis points!
Until around 12,000 years ago, the great glaciers of
Canada and Alaska blocked off the North.
So how did these people get to New Mexico 10,000
years before that?
More links:
White
Sands National Park Footprints Offer Glimpse
into Life of a Prehistoric Mom and Child
Ancient
Footprints Push Back Date of Human Arrival in the Americas
NYT article
High
Country News article: "White Sands discovery only confirms what
Indigenous people have said all along. We have been here since time immemorial.”
Canada’s National
Indigenous Peoples Day, formerly called
National Aboriginal Day, is annually held on June 21 to
celebrate the unique heritage, diverse cultures, and
outstanding achievements of the nation’s Aboriginal peoples.
There are three Aboriginal groups in Canada – the First Nations,
Inuit, and Métis
peoples.
The Indigenous Rebel Who Took the Fight to White Settlers
As colonists spread across North America, Louis Riel took up arms
— and was demonized in Canada’s history books. After 150 years,
it’s time to reevaluate his legacy. This is an article from Narratively.
Authored by Julia Métraux. Louis Riel led the Métis
people of
Manitoba and Saskatchewan provinces. Constantly betrayed and
backstabbed by the Government of Canada, nevertheless he persisted.
Eventually he was hanged for treason.
Native
American Heritage Day from Native
Hope
"We are on a journey to break down the barriers that have
threatened to silence the Native American voices that deserve
to be heard and acknowledged. We invite you to join us in
sharing inspirational stories of hope, love, power, and fortitude.
Stories of real people fighting to hold on to their heritage while
striving towards a future where their culture and their people thrive.
Relentless Indigenous
Woman
Every child matters -
September 30th was the Day for Truth and Reconciliation,
also known as Orange Shirt Day.
If you’re an Indigenous ally, take this day [and every day] to learn
more about the historical and current realities of Indigenous Peoples.
For content on Residential Schools, visit the following sites:
https://legacyofhope.ca
https://nctr.ca/.../teaching.../residential-school-history/
https://education.afn.ca/.../learnin.../residential-schools/
https://www.baytoday.ca/more-local/orange-shirt-day-acknowledges-residential-school-system-2754355
https://www.kamloopsthisweek.com/entertainment/orange-shirt-day-originator-to-tell-her-story-through-childrens-book-4373498
-
#EveryChildMatters #ResidentialSchools #TruthBeforeReconciliation
#OrangeShirtDay #MoreThanOneDay
These little ones are still missing their mommies...
Their remains need to be sent home to their people.
Orange Shirt Day originator to tell her story through children’s book
Native
American Activities from apples4theteacher
Online Native American Activities for Teachers
We Are A Horse Nation -
short version
A documentary film that shares the voices of the Oceti Sakowin
(the Lakota, Dakota, & Nakota speaking tribal bands of the Great
Plains region), as they honor their relatives - The Horse Nation
(Sunka Wakan Oyate).
The
Aztecs One of 27 similar activities from Snaith
Primary School. Good graphics. Learn all about the Aztecs! Then try out
the story starters, quizzes, printables, Sunstone Puzzle, and coloring pages!
Blackfeet camp at night. Montana. 1800s. Glass lantern slide by
Walter McClintock.
Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
Blackfeet stampeding bison over a cliff, in the days before horses.
Gifts
of the buffalo. This graphic lists many of the gifts.
Not everything is listed, but the People used everything.
Waste not, want not.
From the original people of the bison comes this excellent educational resource. Learn the Traditional Uses of the Buffalo with a comprehensive printable .pdf chart. Learn why Buffalo Are Sacred. Learn buffalo facts, the Historical and Cultural Connection to the Buffalo and the awful Slaughter of the Buffalo. Find out about buffalo Meat & Nutrition, and recipes. Play the Buffalo Brain Busters game. Color in the Coloring Pages for Kids.
A moment of silence for the children who died in this awful place..
In the USA, Native Americans of both genders got the right to
vote in 1924,
when they officially became citizens. It took until 1948
for all the states to
finally let most Native people vote. The last state to fully guarantee voting
rights for Native people was Utah in 1962.
"Identity by Design" is no longer online.
Lakota
Winter Counts - An online exhibit from the Smithsonian. Who are the Lakota?
What's a Winter Count? Who made them? What art media were used? Listen to Lakota
elders explain the records of the years. See surviving winter counts from as
far back as 1701. The gallery of winter counts is awesome. (To scroll right
or left, put your mouse arrow in the upper left or upper right side of the picture.)
Bonus: Native speaker pronounces Lakota words for you! Click on the tiny white
words "Audio Glossary" that are underneath the main site.
Minnie
Spotted Wolf This tough, 5'5" (165 cm) ranch hand from the Blackfoot
Nation in northwest Montana set fence posts and broke wild horses before joining
the US Marines in World War II. She was a heavy equipment operator, a truck
driver, and a mechanic. When the war was over, she went home and taught school
for 29 years, raised four kids, and kept working on the ranch. She could outride
the young men of her people into her 50s. "Mom
was proud of who she was. She wasn't in the military just for herself, but for
the Indian people. She wanted others to know who she was and where she came
from." Another hard-working, honest, no-nonsense Native
woman.
Molly of Denali is a cartoon
on PBS Kids. This site
has games, videos, activities, podcast, and an app.
All in the context of and told from the pov of the
Gwich'in people. The
Gwich'in live in Canada and
across the border in the US. They are one of many
related groups that make up the Athabaskan
peoples. Almost all of them, from Gwich'in to
Navajo, call themselves Dene, Dineh, Dena'ina,
Diné, or something similar. Dene means "the people"
"people who talk like us". Molly and her friends
and relatives on the show are careful to teach
the importance of families, respect for elders
and traditions,looking out for one another,
putting everything back in its place, respect
for Nature (especially winter), only taking as
much as you need - be it plants, fish, caribou,
rabbits... Gwich'in are known as the Caribou People.
Molly's Winter Kitchen
Help Molly
and her mom preserve food for the
winter. You use an ulu knife
for
cutting meat and veggies. You may
have to borrow items from others
in your community (meat, firewood)
because people look out for each
other. This is an interactive activity,
one of many at the site.
The
sacred 'sisters' of ancient America
from BBC World's Table
"In Quebec, the tale of the "three sisters" isn't just
a myth about cooperation; it's a message from
Wendat ancestors that teaches modern people
about ancient, life-sustaining food."
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and a great video:
Three
Sisters: Companion Planting of
North American Indigenous Peoples
10:53 video from GRIN-U Education
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Moundbuilders
Teacher's Guide for Native American Heritage Month. From the American Indian
Cultural Center and Museum (AICCM) of Oklahoma. Excellent self-contained teaching
unit ready to go! Amazing art, artifacts, in-depth discussion of various moundbuilding
Native American cultures over 11,000 years, from prehistoric times to the 1500s.
Lots and lots of art! Plenty of activities.
Native Americans and the U.S. Military Gives the history of Native Americans in all branches of service during the past century. Also lists the eight Native American Medal of Honor winners from World Wars I and II, Korea, and Vietnam. Information about Code Talkers of different nations.
Native Americans in the US Army Lots of links, videos, biographies, a Comanche Code Talker, and more. Includes Willing to Serve, a cross section of Native veterans and active-duty.
Native Americans in the US Navy Primarily about World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. Biographies of famous Native sailors, including Commander Ernest Edwin Evans, USN, Medal of Honor, WW II. Also a nice PowerPoint about Native sailors past and present, including a Navy Seal Medal of Honor winner from Vietnam.
Watch this video about John C. Waldron!
Lt
Commander J C Waldron, USN. Commander, Torpedo
Squadron 8,
USS Hornet (CV-8). Navy Cross (Posthumous). Killed in action, Battle
of Midway.
Graduate of Rapid City High School, Class of 1920; US Naval Academy, Class
of 1924. His mother was Oglala
Lakota. She taught him the traditions of The People.
He grew up on a ranch near Pierre, South Dakota.
He knew his 15 old and slow aircraft stood zero chance against
the fast and
nimble Japanese fighters that would try to stop them. He told his pilots:
"I want each of us to do his utmost to destroy our enemies.
If there is only one plane left, I want that man to go in and get a hit.
May God be with us all. Good Luck, happy landings, and give 'em hell."
All of Torpedo 8's planes were shot down. Only one man survived.
It wasn't LtCdr Waldron,
Lest We Forget
Old
Color Photos of Native Americans collected by Paul Ratner "While making
Moses on the Mesa, a film about a German-Jewish immigrant who fell in love with
a Native-American woman and became governor of her tribe of Acoma Pueblo in
New Mexico in the late 1800s, I developed a passion for researching old photographs
of indigenous people... Please enjoy this first collection of colorized photos.
If you like them, you can find many more at our
historical and photographic archive on Facebook." Click the link or
log on to Facebook - Moses on the Mesa.
Let's Get 'Sirius' About the Dog Star, Sky's Brightest Twinkler from Indian Country Today Media Network. Facts about Sirius, but mostly tells how the star was regarded in Native American/First Nations cultures and in the myths of various tribal nations. Very good reading. If you don't see the star's photo on their site, click on the graphic.
Fallen Yet Not Forgotten -
Remembering Pascal Cleatus Poolaw, Sr., the most
decorated Native American soldier in U.S. history.
Remembering Pascal Cleatus Poolaw, Sr., the most decorated Native American soldier
in U.S. history - 4 Silver Stars, 5 Bronze Stars 3 Purple Hearts. He earned
a total of 42 medals and citations.
Born on January 29, 1922, in Apache, Oklahoma, Poolaw, a full-blooded Kiowa,
served with the United States Army in World War II, the Korean War, and the
Vietnam War. Poolaw, his father and two brothers joined the Armed forces in
1942 during World War II. He earned his first Purple Heart when he was wounded
in September 1944. While serving with the 8th Infantry Regiment's M Company
near Recogne, Belgium, Poolaw's unit was engaging fire with the Germans. He
pushed his unit forward under heavy fire and hurled hand grenades at enemy machine
guns, causing numerous enemy casualties and as a result of his heroic actions,
many of his comrades lives were saved and the company was able to continue the
attack and capture strongly defended enemy positions. Poolaw's military career
did not end in Belgium or with Germans. During the Korean War, Poolaw saw combat
and was wounded again and awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, a second
Purple Heart, and two more Silver Stars.
He returned to the U.S. in 1952 and retired from the Army ten years later. This
is not where his military career ends.
During the Vietnam War, all four of the Poolaw's sons were in the military.
In February 1967, his son, Pascal Jr., was injured by a landmine in Vietnam.
This injury resulted in amputation of his right leg below the knee. Poolaw’s
youngest son, Lindy, was also drafted. Afraid of what could happen to his sons
as the war progressed, Poolaw rejoined the Army at the age of 45. Giving up
his rank as a 2nd Lieutenant (a promotion he earned in Korea), with the intentions
of serving in direct combat, Poolaw hoped to keep his youngest son away from
the front lines by taking his place. Regulations prohibited two members of the
same family from serving in combat at the same time without their consent. Unfortunately,
by the time he arrived on the West Coast, Lindy had left for Vietnam the day
before.
Poolaw was deployed on May 31, 1967 as a first sergeant of the 26th Infantry
Regiment's C Company. His last Silver Star was for an event that occurred a
few months later. On November 7, 1967, Poolaw's unit were part of a search and
destroy mission near the village of Loc Ninh. Poolaw and his unit were ambushed
by the Viet Cong force with intensive claymore mine, rocket, small arms, and
automatic weapons fire. While wounded, he continued moving among his squad making
sure everyone was positioned properly while pulling casualties back.
As Poolaw was carrying a wounded soldier to safety, he was struck
by a rocket propelled grenade and killed. For his heroic actions Poolaw was
awarded a Silver Star and a third Purple Heart posthumously. " He
has followed the trail of the great chiefs," his wife Irene said
at Poolaw's funeral. His people hold him in honor and
highest esteem. He has given his life for the people and the country he loved
so much."
We honor and thank First Sgt. Pascal Poolaw Sr. for his exemplary service and
the ultimate sacrifice he made for our country. Rest in peace good warrior.
You will never be forgotten!!
Trail
Of Tears Official title: "The Trail Of Tears: Government-Approved Ethnic
Cleansing That Removed 100,000 Native Americans From Their Ancestral Lands"
By Daniel Rennie, in All That's Interesting.
"The Trail of Tears refers to the perilous journey of the 'Five Civilized
Tribes' of the Southeast who were forced by the U.S. government from their ancestral
homelands to a designated zone in the west." Plenty of graphics, maps,
and pictures detail the Indian Removal Act. "up to 100,000 Native Americans
were relocated and over 15,000 lost their lives". They also lost their
homes and their property.
“Whose Land Do You
Live On?” Reminds Americans Colonization
Happened in Their Backyards
First Peoples populated America long before Europeans arrived
to stake their claim. We have largely forgotten this legacy.
A mapping tool is looking to change that.
Wounded Knee Massacre Survivors - credit = Indian Country Today
Gene Swallow
·
Today’s Google Doodle
All of the elements in the artwork relate to Zitkala-Ša’s life in
some way.
Her Nakota name translates as “Red Bird,” she wrote an opera relating
to the Sun Dance, and she was an accomplished musician—all reflected
within the Doodle. She also witnessed great upheaval and change
throughout her life, as symbolized by the tipis. The lettering for “Google”
is based on a beadwork design from one of her traditional dresses.
— Chris Pappan
begins here!
The dark history of the overthrow of Hawaii
On January 16th, 1895, two men arrived at Queen Lili'uokalani's
door,
arrested her, and imprisoned her. The Missionary Party had recently
seized power and now confiscated her diaries, ransacked her house,
and claimed her lands. Lili'uokalani was Hawaii's queen and she
ruled through one of the most turbulent periods of its history.
Sydney Iaukea shares how the ruler fought the annexation of Hawaii.
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